UK Peer to Peer Lending (PtPL) – Identifying and Managing Risk by Assessing Platform Health

In my previous post, I outlined some of the factors leading to PtPL losses.  In this post I’ll look specifically at the risks associated with individual PtP platforms.  By the way, don’t believe the likes of Lord Adair Turner with his ‘Peer to Peer is Doomed’ nonsense.  Lord Turner has significant interest in a traditional business loans company hence his (biased) condemnation of Peer to Peer Lending!

I’ll ignore the big three; Zopa, Ratesetter and Funding Circle as their returns are relatively low (typically 4% - 7%) and the first two have provision funds to (hopefully) cover any losses.  The sites I favour pay 12% or more but with this comes obvious increased risk.  Typical examples are Saving Stream, Funding Secure and Money Thing. 

These platforms offer all their loans secured against material assets such as land, property, cars, boats, planes and works of art.  Incidentally, this is a much better deal than Funding Circle, where most of the loans are unsecured and the buyer must therefore factor in defaults with limited or no recovery of capital or remaining interest.

Here are two key ways to evaluate these platforms:

Number ONE:  Look at the state of the Secondary Market

These three platforms each have a secondary market where you can buy and sell loans held by other people rather than buying new loans.  But why would you want to do that, I hear you ask?  Well, you may wish to buy additional loans in order to diversify, ie spread your cash across more loans rather than waiting for new loans to appear.  Alternatively you may want to suddenly withdraw some cash rather than waiting until the end of a loan.

So what to look for?  After Christmas 2015 there was a UK PtP loan famine.  In other words there was nothing available on the secondary markets.  This is good news if you are selling loans but frustrating if you want to buy.  Now (late March) there is something of a glut.  The three platforms I mentioned all have loans to buy on the secondary market. 

What to look out for is platforms with too much on offer on the secondary market  or worse still new loans that are not fully funded.  If the platform offers the ability for sellers to off load unwanted loans at a discount, then are there a lot loans offered at a discount that are still not selling?  This may suggest that lenders are keen to offload existing loans even at a loss.  You then need to find out why they may be unhappy with the platform.  This brings me neatly to the second point.

Number TWO: Read the PtP Independent Forum 

The forum is UK-based but is also frequented by lenders in mainland Europe.   The financial expertise on this forum is amazing.  Find out what experienced lenders think of each platform and the quality of loans being offered.  Do others share your concern about a particular platform?  Use the forum to find out the default record of individual platforms and how often the capital and unpaid interest were eventually recovered.

Finally, as long as you keep well informed and don’t lend what you can’t afford to loose, I think you'll find PtPL is a much safer bet than playing the stock market roulette!

UK Peer to Peer Lending – Is it really ‘Too Good to be True?’

Many self-proclaimed financial experts say Peer to Peer lending (PtPL) is flawed and full of risk.  Most of them are directly or indirectly employed by big banks or brokers and have an interest in maintaining the financial status quo.  But then this is no different to the doom-mongers who have been predicting a stock market crash every month since the great depression!

Here are some classic arguments:

     No Government Protection

The UK Government underwrites approved bank and building society SAVINGS via the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS).  This scheme clearly doesn’t extend to anything with risk whether stocks, shares, funds or peer to peer loans.

However, this doesn’t mean that government doesn’t like PtPL.  The Government regularly invests 10% in loans to small/medium UK businesses through platforms such as Funding Circle.  

The UK Government is also encouraging PtPL via it’s new third ISA, known as the Innovative Finance ISA.  There may be no government protection for PtPL but equally there has never been any state compensation for losses in any global stock market.

 Too Risky

Risk is relative.  Buying shares or funds is very risky.  I have a pharma fund that gained well over 10% in less than a year but where am I now? – a loss of around 10%! 

The risks in PtPL are much easier to quantify and you can also build a mixed portfolio to cover many of the risks.  So, for example, on each platform, you should spread your cash across a relatively large number of loans.  If the platform offers loans secured against a range of assets then mix the assets.  For example, with a platform like Money Thing you can spread the risk between several asset classes including fine art, railway memorabilia, land, property or super cars. 

In practice, while stocks and shares jump around in an almost totally unpredictable manner, PtP loans result in a fairly steady and predictable stream of interest. This makes PtPL an ideal regular income source.

     The Platform Might Fail

Do your own ‘due diligence’.  Check out the company, the backers and what other users think (Why not join the PtP Independent Forum?).  Examine the platform’s loan supply and their track record in terms of both defaults and recoveries.

 Too Many Defaults

Lower interest sites like ZOPA or Ratesetter (typically 5-6% over 5 years) have provision funds to cover defaults.  Other platforms such as Funding Circle (FC) have a projection for defaults that you can include in your own calculations. 

For example , the safest FC risk category is A+.  This typically pays around 8% interest.  FC charge a fee of 1% and estimate a 0.6% loss due to defaults.  The actual net projected interest in this example is therefore  6.4%.

Other sites, such as Saving Stream, Money Thing, Funding Secure and Assetz only offer secured loans against assets such as property.  This means that, provided the valuation is correct, you should eventually get all your money back, in the case of a default, once the asset is sold.  You can also check the platform track record in terms of defaults to estimate the risks.

A Final thought

 You don’t need to be a financial expert to do Peer to Peer Lending.  What you do need is some common sense and you should make sure that you never invest money you can’t afford to lose.  If I invest say £50,000 in PtP then I clearly need to make sure that I don’t put £25,000 on a single loan!  Ideally I should spread my investment across several platforms and make sure a good proportion of the total is invested at relatively low risk.

Yes Peer to Peer lending may, at first sight, seem too good to be true but my advice is to give it a try and see how it works out for you by taking out some trial small loans.  You might be pleasantly surprised.  

I would suggest PtPL is far less risky than the stock market and far more rewarding than a savings account, even without the government protection!

UK Peer to Peer Lending: Saving Stream – ‘Still Very liquid and Continuing to Deliver!’

What it Says on the Tin!

Saving Stream remains my favourite UK Peer to Peer Lending (PTPL) platform.  It reminds me of the product Ronseal with the simple slogan ‘Does what it says on the tin’.  Please note I have no financial interest in Saving Stream other than being a satisfied customer.

Saving Stream continue to deliver high value loans while keeping their platform simple.  They offer 12% interest across every loan with no fees whatsoever.  Also, no lender money has yet been lost due to defaults. 

Saving Stream (SS) don’t indulge it a lot of chat or debate with users but do appear to listen.  Each time there has been reasonable complaint, for example, via the P2P Independent Forum, they have acted in very short time period to modify their platform to fix the problem.

Pre-Funding Brilliance 

As a result they are the only PtPL platform to offer pre-funding; an arrangement where you can pre-bid for pipeline loans and then settle up AFTER the bid is accepted.  You can also, at the same time, buy or sell on the secondary market and again settle up the balance owed at a later date (ideally within 24 hours).

Bad Robots

More recently there was annoyance from SS users about numerous ‘bots’ (the actual number was never agreed!) that snaffled up every snippet of cash on the secondary market in the blink of a human eye, hence excluding flesh and blood buyers from competing.

The use of PtP robots, software programs that monitor a Peer to Peer Platform and operate on behalf of their human owner, are not limited to Saving Stream alone.  Funding Circle was awash with them, particularly in the days when the platform had variable rate loans and you could bid for your preferred rate.

Anyway, Saving Stream have now taken measures to greatly restrict the use of bots including the use of the ‘Captcha’ (software that differentiates humans from robots).

First Class Liquidity

The problem currently facing all platforms is that the increasing popularity of PtPL means there simply aren't enough big loans to go round, particularly in the quiet period after Christmas.  For this reason Saving Stream hardly ever have anything available to buy on the secondary market.  However, this means that, in the current climate, you can cash in all your loans in a period of a few minutes, ie total liquidity.  Not bad for 12% interest! 

UK Peer to Peer Lending - Innovative Finance ISAs (IFISA) and the way ahead

'IFFY' ISAs?

Some cynics are nicknaming the proposed government IFISA’s as ‘iffy’ ISAs and, considering that these products are due to launch by 6 April 2016 (only 3 months away), surprisingly little is yet known about them.

The creation of Innovative Finance ISAs is all part of the UK government’s enthusiasm for alternative finance in general and in particular, Peer to Peer Lending.  This is surprising as it often seems the Conservatives (the clue is in the name) favour the wealthy, big banks and other traditional fat-cat financial institutions.  

However, George Osborne has been a champion of peer to peer lending for some time (reflected in his budget statements) with the government lending up to 10% of the cash for selected small businesses loans through platforms such as Funding Circle.

The IFISA may also eventually include other alternative finance platforms such as crowd funding but it is assumed by many that this will come later once the PtPL option has been added to ISAs.

Meanwhile the big banks as well as big brokers such as H&L have, until recently, shown little enthusiasm for Peer to Peer Lending (PtPL).  (Do a search on their websites to see what I mean.)

'Boy' George Osborne Loves PtPLending?

What do we know?

So what do we know about the IFISA?  Currently you can invest up to £15240 maximum (tax free) in a cash ISA and/or stocks and shares ISA.  Unfortunately both have their problems.  Cash ISAs pay almost zero interest and shares are more likely to go down rather than up in the current financial climate.  In April 2016, The IFISA will offer a third alternative allowing the allowance to be used on PtPL.

What DON'T we know?

So what DON’T we know?  Well, quite a lot!  Apparently the government have not yet finalised the rules for IFISAs, even though their introduction is only months away!

We know that the major players such as Zopa, Ratesetter and Funding circle hope to have their own IFISA wrapper.  It also seems likely that other platforms such as Assetz  Capital and Saving Stream will also move towards the ISA provision.   We also know brokers like H&L also plan to have a wrapper.  It is not clear yet what platforms or products H&L will put in the wrapper and also how much they will charge for this service.

The general consensus from the informed lenders (the Independent Peer to Peer Lending Forum) is that the interest available from the IFISA will be less than that available on the non-ISA product.  If, for the sake of argument, an IFISA offered 5% or less interest, then more experienced PtP lender might well opt for a straight platform loan with, for example, Saving Stream (12% interest with asset security) and then pay any tax owed.

Other common PtPL questions include: 

Will the new IFISA allowance be limited to just one PtPL platform or broker in a year?

Can existing lenders transfer existing PtP loans into an IFISA wrapper?

Watch this space for further ‘iffy’ ISA developments – Anyway, all these unknowns do make me wonder just how many of these IFISA products will actually be available to tax payers in April 2016!     

Is Funding Circle still a Viable Platform for Peer to Peer Lending?

This question is prompted by the recent change by Funding Circle from variable rate bidding to fixed rate loans for lenders.  For me, and majority of the UK PtPL Lending Community (reflected by the Independent Peer to peer Lending Forum) the answer is probably NOT.

Unsecured Loans and Defaults

The biggest problem with Funding Circle is that most of their loans are unsecured.  This means that the lender is unlikely to get much money back should the borrower default.  In my case I currently have losses with Funding Circle, due to default, of £628 with only £48 recovered so far.  This reduces my projected interest rate of 8.5% (based on Funding Circle’s loss statistics) to an actual rate (after fees and losses) of 7.6%.  This rate is falling as the defaults increase.

Lower Lender Interest Rates

Funding Circle’s new fixed rates are surprisingly low and result in a projected actual interest rate of around 7% for the higher risk bands (A, A+) again based on Funding Circle’s (optimistic) statistics.  My own experience would suggest actual interest of around 6%.  In practice, since fixed rate loans were introduced, a bigger proportion of loans currently offered are A or A+.

The other large PtP Lenders such as Ratesetter and Zopa have contingency funds to cover defaults but with Funding Circle all the risk is passed on to the lender.  For me, short term asset-secured lending at an interest rate of around 12% is much more attractive.  Should the borrower default then I know the asset will sold I should eventually get all or most of my money back.

However, Excellent Liquidity

However, one advantage of Funding Circle is excellent liquidity.  They have an efficient secondary market allowing people like me to gradually sell my existing loans at a premium rather than waiting for them to run for the full term.  In contrast, Ratesetter has unspecified, high penalty charges should you wish to pull your cash early.

Funding Circle Going for Growth

I think Funding Circle have made a reasoned business decision to focus on growth, with expansion into various European countries and greater reliance on institutional investors and a simplified approach.  In doing this they have deliberately turned their back on the early adopters and small, entrepreneurial investors that PtPL was originally all about.

Thankfully there are several smaller platforms such as Saving Stream, Funding Secure and Money Thing who are working closely with the PtPL community in order to meet their lending needs and provide the necessary deal flow to absorb the money released from the bigger platforms, such as Funding Circle, now offering lower interest rates to lenders.     

ABLRATE – What’s in a Name? Yet another Asset-based P2P Loan Platform

This is how ABLRATE describe themselves:

Ablrate is a peer lending platform that provides asset finance to a diverse range of businesses. Our platform was initially launched to allow our Lending Members access to the lucrative aircraft leasing space. The sector is highly regulated, has bank finance involved and can provide lenders with excellent returns and security. 

The platform was expanded to give Lending Members access to asset finance deals in capital equipment, property and any other transactions where our members have good security and good returns.  Ablrate was named as the 'abl' stands for 'Asset Backed Lending' which is at the core of our platform and will remain so.

Interface

Ablrate has pleasing platform user interface and offers very rapid crediting of bank transfer deposits (ie a few minutes).  Interest rates currently vary from 10-14%.  There were no loans available when I joined so I bought £300 worth of a bottling plant loan on the secondary market just to try the platform out.

Aircraft Leasing

As well as aircraft leasing they also do manufacturing plants and marine containers.  I’ve recently added a £300 loan against marine containers (14%) with a term of around 6 months.
The secondary market allows you to buy and sell loans at a premium of discount, in a similar way to Funding Circle.  Other asset based platforms that do have a secondary market, currently only allow you to buy or sell at value.

Any Good?

My main problem with Ablrate (apart from the odd name), so far, has been a lack of new loans. However, I feel Ablrate has a lot going for it and offers good support via the P2P Independent Forum and has an interesting portfolio of loans.  The company appears to have significant knowledge of the aviation leasing market and that differentiates them from the other asset-based loan companies who follow the ‘pawnbroker’ or ‘bricks and land’ models.

Summary:

• Interest rates: 10-14%
• Secondary market (with premiums and discounts)
• Length of loans 6 months - 5 years
• Quick deposits
• Asset-based

Ablerate is a P2PL platform to watch.  But, as with its rivals such as Saving Stream, Money Thing and Funding Secure, it is too early to make a clear judgement.  Only when these platforms have been tested with a few defaults will we be able to make a more considered assessment.

Money Thing – Another 12% interest, Asset-based Loan Platform

Money Thing is, in many ways, similar to Saving Stream, which I wrote about in my last post.  All Money Thing loans offer 12% interest and are typically secured against personal property such as art, cars, planes or jewellery.  It’s a bit like a high Street Pawnbroker.

The Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) is typically 50%, ensuring that selling the asset should cover the loan.  The terms are usually 6 months.  This gives good liquidity as you can get your money plus interest back over a relatively short period.

The web site is easy to use and the customer support also appears to be good.  You can check what loans are coming on stream on the P2P Independent Forum.  As with other high interest platforms, new loans are in great demand but the platform currently, typically limits the size of your investment, in a 24hr period, ensuring that as many lenders as possible get a bite of the cherry.

Portfolios

The platform also lumps smaller loans together into a portfolio of typically £10k to £50k.  This makes lending easier to manage.

Fast Transfers

Money Thing deposit your incoming cash very quickly so if you do a ‘fast’ bank transfer they typically acknowledge the deposit in less than an hour so you can then invest.

Note: Saving Stream go one step further and allow you invest as long as you have made a transfer (ie they don’t wait to receive the transfer).

Interesting

PRENDING can be soulless but adding varied objects adds interest to lending.  My loans include security against a Porsche, a portfolio of electronics, a Piper plane plus 4 paintings.  Much easier to visualise rather than endless lists of bricks and mortar! 

Saving Stream, Peer to Peer Lending Paying TWELVE PERCENT (12%) !

• No fees
• Secured Loans
• Contingency Fund

Too Good to be True? 

You might think so but their track record to date is pretty good.  There have been no defaults so far.  It’s well worth checking out what other lenders think by visiting the ‘Peer to Peer Independent Forum’ (you can find the link in the column to the right of this post).  There is a specific area of the Forum dedicated to Saving Stream.

A lot to Like

There is a lot to like about Saving Stream.  The platform is very simple and straight forward.  It reminds me of the Ronseal Ad, ‘It does exactly what it says on the tin’.

Minimum investment is £100 and minimum investment per loan is also £100.  Loans are typically bridging loans for property, interest only and are 6-12 months in duration.  The short term means that your money isn’t locked away for long periods.  The 12% interest rate is fixed for every loan so effectively they have averaged out the rate to keep the platform simple.

Secondary Market

There is a secondary market where you/buy sell at cost (ie no markup or mark down).  In practice, with the 12% rate, there are not many sellers.  The secondary market offers a mechanism to spread your risk across existing loans.  You’ll find new loans disappear fairly quickly.

What If?

One thing to remember about asset-based loans, if the worse happens, a default, then you won’t get your money back for some time as the asset will need to be sold.  You are also relying on the valuation being accurate.

I would recommend Saving Stream, based on my experience so far, but do weigh the risks and spread your money both between loans and across other platforms!

An Introduction to Lending via Assetz Capital

Assetz Capital, Green Energy Income Account

The first Asset-based lending platform I tried was Assetz Capital.  In this type of platform the sum lent is secured against a tangable asset such as land, property or even at artwork or a plane.  I built up my Assetz investment to around £3000 with an average interest rate of 11%.  This included £500 in their Green Energy Income Account. 

The target interest of this account is 7% and it is invested in a range of green products such as windfarms.  It also includes a contingency fund to protect the lender from defaults.  This fund appears to have high liquidity as you can normally withdraw your money almost immediately (I’ve tried this and it works).

This fund is an attractive option for those who like to keep lending relatively safe, have (hopefully) instant access and a good interest rate (7%).  This compares favourably with Ratesetter where the five year rate is currently falling and today stands at only 5.5%.

Assetz Capital, Manual Loan Investment Account

The rest of my money is in the Assetz Manual Loan Investment Account.  You can browse the Loan Book and buy any loans not fully invested.  Interest rates are typically 9% to 18% and the term of the loans are anything from 6 months (bridging loans) to 5 years.  You can also specify if you wish to increase or decrease the size of your existing loans.  This creates a secondary market where you can generally get your money out or buy into new or existing loans as they become available.  Arguably there is less risk of ultimate loss of capital as all loans are secured against assets such as property.  It is still prudent to diversify and spread your money across the platform rather than putting all your eggs in one basket.

With Assetz you will find some loans are labelled ‘Investments Paused’.  This means the loan can no longer be bought or sold due to irregularities in borrower repayments or a default.  This currently means that these funds are inaccessible to the lender.  However the contract with the borrower often stipulates that the interest rate then increases so you can hope that eventually, even if the asset needs to be sold, you will be adequately rewarded once the issue is resolved.

Note that there have recently been some misgivings from Assetz lenders as to the number of loans that are ‘paused’ and I personally currently have 5 of my 20 or so Assetz loans paused.  However, this issue is currently being addressed by Assetz and I personally remain confident in the platform.

I’ve more recently joined Saving Steam, Ablrate and Money Thing and I’ll describe these platforms in future posts.    

Rik’s Peer to Peer Journey and an Introduction to the Peer to Peer Independent Forum

In my last post I promised to introduce asset-based loan platforms such as Assetz Capital and Saving Stream.  Before I do that, it might be helpful for me to share my own Peer to Peer Lending (prending) Journey.  I began lending around 18 months ago when I decided to ‘retire’.

Incidentally, I hate the ‘R’ word – I like to think of so called retirement as simply a choice to quit full time employment in order to be free to do what I want.  The word Retirement has that retro feel of carpet slippers, cocoa and an engraved clock from the last employer on the mantelpiece!

Stock Market vs Peer to Peer?

My wife and I have ended up with a survivable pension income together with two other pension pots transferred into a SIPP invested in various funds.  I also took the maximum tax free payments (25%) from the other pensions, some of which I have invested in the stock market and the rest in Peer to Peer Lending.  Currently 70% of my cash is in Funds linked to the stock market and 30% in PtPL.

Based on how both have performed so far, I hope to increase the PtPL share to at least 50% in the next 12 months.  With Peer to Peer, there is a steady stream of interest while the value of stock market funds flap around like a line of washing in a hurricane!

Testing the Water

I began with ZOPA, Ratesetter and Funding Circle and put small amounts in each in order to test the water.  Interest was relatively low with Zopa so I stopped investing at £3k and am continuing to withdraw returned capital and interest.  I put a significant amount in Ratesetter and Funding circle and these two platforms are still where the majority of my PtP cash is invested (80%) with the other 20% in Asset based platforms.

I’m continuing to switch returned cash from Ratesetter (current interest 6%) and Funding Circle (interest currently 8.3%) into other, higher paying platforms but I’m cautious about doing this too quickly as most of these platforms are relatively new and untried.

My first port of call, for higher interest rates was Assetz Capital.  Here, I built up my investment to around £3k with an average interest rate of 11%.  I will share more about Assetz in my next post.

Peer to Peer Independent Forum

Finally, I’d like to finish with a plug for the Peer to Peer Independent Forum.  While not a beginner’s guide, this is a great place to gather opinions from both UK Lenders and those who actually work for, or own, the individual UK based platforms.  Some of the discussions are quite technical but the forum will give you an honest feel for how fellow ‘prenders’ rate the different platforms.